Detroit was once home to 18 Black‑led hospitals. Learn about their rise and fall.

Dunbar Memorial Hospital, founded in Detroit in 1918 by 30 Black doctors and health professionals, emerged as a critical response to severe healthcare inequities during the Great Migration era. As Detroit's Black population surged from fewer than 6,000 in 1910 to over 120,000 by 1930, African Americans faced systematic exclusion from white medical institutions and were confined to overcrowded neighborhoods with poor sanitation that fostered disease. The hospital provided dignified care, preventive medicine, and professional training for Black physicians and nurses who were denied privileges at white facilities based solely on race.