Who is responsible for protecting and preserving Indigenous cultures?

This article examines the fundamental question of decision-making power regarding Indigenous peoples' rights, identities, and resources across the globe. While 476 million Indigenous people steward 25 percent of Earth's landmass and effectively protect biodiversity, many communities face state denial of recognition, violent suppression when defending their lands, and exploitation of their resources for mining, tourism, and commercial interests. The piece highlights how state control over Indigenous territories, bodies, and knowledge systems contrasts sharply with successful community-led preservation efforts in language documentation, traditional practices, and cultural heritage.